Importance of Preserving the Union in John Milton’s Paradise Lost Essay

The Importance of Preserving the Union in Paradise Lostâ â â â â â â â â Â Â â â Critics have since quite a while ago contended over the force structure working in the sexual orientation relations of Milton's Paradise Lost. Be that as it may, to truly get Adam and Eve and the complexities of their relationship, it is important to see them as far as an association, not as discrete individuals competing for power. Since they are an association of contraries, the force difficulty is an unsettled issue despite the fact that a chain of importance exists; it is an order of information, not of intensity, and it not the slightest bit suggests that Adam needs Eve any short of what she needs him. As a matter of fact, the two of them need each other similarly as much since they each have qualities and shortcomings that are supplemented by the other&emdash; this essentially prompts their interdependency. They are contrary energies, each with their own restrictions (which Milton clarifies especially through their creation stories and their pre-fall relationship) , who meet up to shape an extremely incredible and strong association. Everything that Adam and Eve do all through the narrative of Paradise Lost, most clearly during and after the Fall, is aimed at protecting their association. The parity of their relationship changes after the Fall and takes into account the recovery of the association just as mankind. Milton shows the contrary natures of Adam and Eve all through their creation accounts. Adam is made during the day, and his creation underscores the warmth of the sun: As new wak't from soundest rest Delicate on the flourie herb I discovered me laid In Balmie Sweat, which with his Beames the Sun Before long dri'd. (8.253-56) The sun is both light and warmth, and it assumes a significant job in Adam's creation: The sun helps creation by drying Adam (Flannagan 441). On the other hand, Ev... ...lady: they are two powers which must stay in balance, or in the event that they change, they should change as per one another and grapple with another association. The relationship of Adam and Eve changes incredibly throughout Paradise Lost and however they lose quite a bit of what they start with, they end with what they need: one another and a recently characterized association whose terms the two of them acknowledge. Â Works Cited Froula, Christine. At the point when Eve Reads Milton: Undoing the Canonical Economy. John Milton. Ed. Annabel Patterson. New York: Longman, 1992. 142-164. McColley, Diane Kelsey. Milton's Eve. Chicago: U of Illinois P, 1934. Milton, John. Heaven Lost. Ed. Roy Flannagan. New York: Macmillan, 1993. Webber, Joan Malory. The Politics of Poetry: Feminism and Paradise Lost. Milton Studies. Vol. 14. Ed. James D. Simmonds. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 1980. 3-24. Â

Same Sex Marriage Essay

Same Sex Marriage Essay Same Sex Marriage Essay Allen 1 Alyssa Allen Mrs. Fisher Adv. English 2 May 2014 Same-Sex Marriage Ever since the fantastic flower child development in the 1960’s individuals were left finding themselves in new manners. It got adequate for a man and a man to be infatuated, alongside a lady and a lady and even a man to be a lady and the other way around. Yet, not every person discovered this as a â€Å"acceptable method of life†. Since the time individuals started to turn out to be progressively open about their sexual direction they started battling for their privileges. All things considered, you love who you love and nobody else ought to have the option to keep you from carrying on with a glad, sheltered, safeguarded life. Most of individuals who contradict same-sex marriage do it since they accept that letting gay couples get hitched would reclassify marriage itself. Well duh that’s the point. Be that as it may, what is marriage? There are a wide range of approaches to take a gander at it; when two individuals are joined in a consensual an d authoritative relationship perceived by law or only a personal association. In any case, most overlook the promises one must take in such association, â€Å"to have and to hold, from this day forward, for better, for more terrible, for more extravagant, for less fortunate, in ailment and in wellbeing, til' the very end do us part†. I accept this is the best meaning of marriage there is. Letting gay couples get hitched doesn't offer this expression any more fragile, it strengthens it (Rauch). At the point when you get hitched you are taking one for all Allen 2 they are and all they offer and promising to cherish them and be there for them until the day they pass on. Presently for what reason would you deny somebody their entitlement to adore another in light of the fact that they are a similar sexual orientation? Since you don’t like it? Regardless of whether you don't care for it or in case you're against it, how does a total stranger’s life influence you in any capacity? In the event that a gay couple got hitched right presently how might it influence you and the manner in which you carry on with your life. So why not simply let them get hitched. Another contention one may make against gay marriage harms youngsters. They feel that youngsters do best when they are raised by wedded, natural guardians, which is valid yet not totally. Indeed, a youngster may improve one mother and one father each yet it isn't something that would have a gigantic effect in their lives. Over 33% of youngsters today don’t live with two wedded guardians, something that has been going on decades before same-sex marriage tagged along. Marriage additionally joins non-organic guardians to youngsters; couples who embrace their kids, step-guardians who wed into parenthood and LGBT couples. Numerous gay couples have children and the main thing that exacerbates things is the way that those children’s guardians can’t get hitched, not the way that they are being raised by two fathers or two mothers. The principle reason a great many people are against gay marriage is a direct result of strict reasons, and they imagine that crashes with strict freedoms are unavoidable. For instance, imagine a scenario in which a Salvation Army specialist couldn’t get social insurance benefits for his better half. Or then again an understudy at a Baptist school couldn’t get marriage-understudy lodging with her significant other? Which is reasonable, yet not so much evident. We realize it is a sensible circumstance since we have just managed it with regards to fetus removal (Rauch). There is a strict freedom that is given that forestalls Allen 3 Catholic medical clinics from playing out the system. The equivalent should be possible about same-sex marriage. So it very well is something that can be managed. Our nation is part down the middle in two or three different ways. Half of the nation restricts same-sex marriage, the other is for it. Half of the nation figures we ought to have a similar strategy across the country, thinking if various states had various strategies it would be tumult. Yet, that’s not the situation. Each state has diverse marriage principles like, regardless of whether you can wed a blood relative or the period of assent or on separate, etc. I accept a moderate and steady change is the thing that America needs to gradually modify its kin

How to Dress Your Resume for Success CEAs Founder Gives Tips for Landing The Job - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

How to Dress Your Resume for Success CEAs Founder Gives Tips for Landing The Job - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts How to Dress Your Resume for Success: CEAs Founder Gives Tips for Landing The Job How to Dress Your Resume for Success: CEAs Founder Gives Tips for Landing The Job Besides being a pasta fanatic and college essay expert, our Founder and Chief Advisor, Stacey Brook, knows a thing or two about reaching academic and professional goals. Sure, each year she helps hundreds of students get into their dream schools by arming them with the tools required to craft the perfect college essay, but she also knows a thing or two about reaching goals in the post-grad world. As a contributor for the Huffington Post, Stacey recently published an article on how to customize your resume for the job you want, not the job you have. Her tips include specifics on how to utilize your extensive vocabulary to make you seem like the killer communicator you are, tailor your experiences to the job at hand, and ensure you never miss an impressive feat in your bullet points. About Kat StubingView all posts by Kat Stubing »

Essay on Organizational Behavior - 799 Words

Organizational Behavior This essay answers the following three questions: 1) Compare Mr. Meyerson’s leadership style versus Mr. Perot’s based on the Michigan and Ohio state behavioral theories of leadership. 2) Utilizing Fiedler’s Contingency Theory of leadership, explain how either Meyerson’s or Perot’s style might be most appropriate based on specific characteristics of the situation at Perot Systems. 3) Evaluate the situation at Perot Systems from the point of view of the discussion on New Leadership. Employee centered supervisors are those who place strong emphasis on their concerned with getting the work done. Sometimes, the more general terms human relations oriented and task oriented are used to describe these†¦show more content†¦Mayerson’s objective was clear. We still tell people we’ll give them everything we can in the way of financial rewards. In fact, the people who run the company own more than 60 percent of the company. So if we go public someday, we’ll still make a lot of our people very rich. Meyerson’s other major concern was how EDS had treated customers. He described negotiations as intense, with EDS desire to win every penny possible from the customer. Not just to win but to dominate. At Perot Systems, Meyerson promoted a much closer working relationship with customers and designed the reward system to reflect this newfound cooperation. Perot Systems concentrates on particular industry groups in order to provide enhanced expertise. Financial services, energy, travel and transportation, health care, communication, manufacturing, and construction. Mr. Perot does not use e-mail; he relies on face to face communication and internet access were largely the domain of military overlords and university scientists, and Perot Systems was doing mostly standard corporate work on central computers. 2) Utilizing Fiedler’s Contingency Theory of leadership, explain how either Meyerson’s or Perot’s style might be most appropriate based on specific characteristics of the situation at Perot Systems. Fiedler considers situational control the extent to which a leader can determine what his or herShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior4841 Words   |  20 PagesTable of contents: Page # 1. Literature Review 1 1.1. What are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) 1 1.2. OCB and its link with Organization 3 1.3. How OCB’s are exhibited by employees 4 1.4. Importance of OCB 5 1.5. Effect of OCB on employees 6 2. Introduction to Organization 6 2.1. Allied Bank Limited 7 2.2. Meezan Bank Limited 7 2.3. First Women’s Bank 7 2.4. MCB 7 3. Findings and resultsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1387 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior Michael J. Bonnie CJA444 June 5, 2014 Eddie Gordon Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of how employee’s behavior interacts within an agency’s work environment. It includes many subjects which include sociology, communication, psychology, and management. Its primary purpose is to review and report in the ever expanding study in criminal justice organizational behavior areas in the workforce. This discussion focuses on the forces of change andRead MoreEssay Organizational Behavior1057 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Organizational behavior: Organizational behavior refers to the attitudes and behavior of the individuals in the organization. Organizational behavior is a inter-disciplinary field of study that draws from many of the behavioral sciences. The goal of organizational behavior is to apply the concepts from the other behavioral sciences to pressing problems that management may be facing, as well as applying organizational behavior to the administrative theory and practicesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Human Behavior1217 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational behavior studies the impact of groups, individuals, and structures have on the personal human behavior within many organizations. There is many different definitions of organizational behavior, but they are all relatively the same in all cases. â€Å"Organizational behavior studies organizations from multiple viewpoints, including behavior within the organization and in relation to other organizations (Boundless.com).† This is not just the study o n one organization, but the study withinRead MoreOrganizational Behavior : Organization Behavior2093 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Organization behavior is the study and application of information regarding how an individual or group of people within an organization behaves. According to John Schermerhorn author of the book Organizational Behavior Twelfth Edition, organizational behavior is the key characteristic used to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst employees within a company (Schermerhorn, 2011). There are additional characteristics such as leadership, openness to confer in relation to issuesRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational behavior1577 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior: An Analysis of Helm Fire and Rescue Company Introduction Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affectingRead MoreOrganizational Behavior5621 Words   |  23 PagesChapter 1 - The Field of Organizational Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. Pharmacia is an example of a company that: a. experienced culture clashes as a result of a merger. b. ignored technological advances to its harm. c. is a great employer in terms of human resources, but an unprofitable company. d. focused on balance sheets rather than human resources. 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Fremont High School Discussion Essay - 599 Words

For my entire life of schooling, both my parents and I would agree that I constantly complained about the educational systems in which I was enrolled. But when I actually take the time to think about everything I have been through, I realize that I have indeed had an excellent education. My schooling was full of opportunities and experiences, all of which contributed to the person I am today; adequate education has been an indispensable facet of my being. Sadly, not everyone has had this same privilege. And now as a college student, I am becoming even more aware of this sad fact. Looking around me in such a diverse city as Chicago, I find myself being more and more grateful. When I read Jonathan Kozols Fremont High School, this these†¦show more content†¦Finally, the sadness in that classroom was brought to a climax when I could both see and feel the programing within the students minds. When Mireya was talking about her reluctance to take the sewing class, a boy named Forti no said, Youre ghetto...so we send you o the factory...youre ghetto - so you sew! (Kozol 645). Even though he was probably speaking sarcastically out of his own frustrations, Fortinos words cut deep. I am aware that there are better and worse high schools out there than Fremont High School. And yet, reading Kozols account of the terrible conditions that are endured by these students made me feel more aware of the severity of improper or inadequate education that poorly funded schools provide. All of these problems, alongside my awareness of my fortunate years of education, make me wonder, just as Mireya did, as to why, ...[students] who need it so much more get so much less? (Kozol 648). Interestingly, I have little to comment on Kozols actual writing style, even though he wrote this account of his. I was just so attached to the characters within that school that I wanted to be able to reach out somehow; Kozol definitely achieved something very touching here. Works Cited Kozol, Jonathan. Fremont High School. The Norton Field Guide to Writing. 2nd ed. New York, London: W.W. Norton Company,, 2010. 641-48.Show MoreRelatedJonathan Kozol’s Fremont High School Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Kozol’s Fremont High School Schools lacking social utilities that are needed to promote the academic status of its students is an issue. 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As one student from Fremont High School noted, â€Å"‘The owners of the sewing factoriesRead MoreManaging Corporate Culture: Nummi1312 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive summary In spring 2010, New United Motor Manufacturing Inc., a successful joint venture between Toyota Motor Co. and General Motors Co, shut down its plant in Fremont, California. Over two decades NUMMI was a model manufacturing plant with high quality and productivity, exceptional worker’s satisfaction and attendance. What did NUMMI do to change the former GM’s dysfunctional disaster into best plant? This report is going to examine a dramatic change conducted by NUMMI’s leadershipRead MoreHow Soda Tax And Its Impact On Cupertino Schools1949 Words   |  8 Pagesnutrition at Stanford University to discussions of classic American battle of taxes, a chance meeting and life lessons in advocacy from the Mayor of Sunnyvale and finally landing back in Cupertino - this time in city hall with councilman Darcy Paul. This scientific inquiry journey has changed my mind and I am now on a campaign to petition the Cupertino City council (with Councilman Paul s encouragement) to initiate a study on Soda Tax and its impact on Cupertino schools along with supporters 100 who haveRead MoreEthical Issues Can Be Described As Breaking The Rules1644 Words   |  7 Pageslegislations and implement executive processes. Some of these legislative actions included California’s Proposition 187 in 1994; Arizona’s Propositions 200 and 300 (2004-2006); Hazleton, Pa. local ordinance in 2006 ; Farmers Branch, Texas in 2006; Fremont, Neb. in 2008; Arizona’s Senate Bill 1070 in 2010; and Alabama’s House Bill 56 in 2011† (PA Times,2014 pp. 5). 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Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas Free Essays

Review and Critique of â€Å"Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Role in PAS (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001) Tracy S. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas or any similar topic only for you Order Now Robinson September 2010 (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001). Ethical issues in the social worker’s role in pas. Health ;amp; Social Work/ Volume 26, pg 3 Introduction The author’s focus was on ethical issues in physician assisted suicide and the role it plays amongst social worker’s. The author’s presented results of an exploratory study of social workers views on physician assisted suicide (PAS). In which social workers favored or not favor PAS and whether there is a difference in education or training on mental health issues, ethics, or suicide that may influenced their views as well. The involvement with PAS presents an ethical dilemma, which in this article refers to a situation in which social workers think they have no definitive guidelines for professional behavior. The article has current interest because it is important that social workers have been properly prepare and train to work with clients making end of life decision. Summary of the author’s main points Purpose of the study. The purpose of the study was to determine social workers views on physician assisted suicide (PAS). The study involved participant from three separate workshops on suicide that were presented by the first author. The study subsamples sixty-six social workers. The social workers either had a South Carolina social work license or a bachelor’s or master’s degree in social work. The participants recruitment where given a questionnaire that contained twenty-six questions, most of which required yes or no responses. The study focus on how these different elements guide social workers in making ethical decisions regarding intervention with clients. There were areas in the articles that mention how social workers had difficulties in doing that. Summary of literature review as presented by the author. The study found that physician assisted suicide is one of the most frequently debated issues in American Society (Bachman et al.. , 1996; Foley, 1997). The study found that people are divide on the issues. It has brought arguments about preservation of life, autonomy, and self-determination of individual. This gives ethical and moral complicity of end life decision making. The study found that most social worker agrees that PAS should be reserved for people who are dying from terminal illness. However the other percentage that opposes argue that underutilization of narcotics for pain control leaves terminally ill patient in pain during the end of life as well. The finding for the arguments had little research conducted on the etiology of actual cases of PAS. Most of the available data is on suicide among individuals who acted alone. It has found that when people are experiencing personal difficulties or have lowered coping capacity, they are at risk of suicide. However terminally ill people are rarely suicidal, the author’s have shown studies that the main difference between terminally ill patient who become suicidal and those who don’t is the presence of clinical depression in the patients who are suicidal. Summary of ethical issues. There are some ethical dilemmas that occur when there is a lack of knowledge about state and federal legislation governing practice are sufficiently prepared to work responsibly with clients and family considering PAS. Some ethical issues arise when the lack of knowledge may have produced biased thinking in social workers projecting what they want in a situation onto their clients or client’s family. The instruments. The researchers used a questionnaire as their instrument in the study. The survey instrument contained twenty-six questions. The questions included demographic information on age, race, religion, and educational degree. Sampling techniques. There were a total of ninety-eight participants, including physician, psychologists, nurses, and social workers complete the questionnaire. The finding reported here based on a subsample of sixty-six social workers who either had a South Carolina social work license or a bachelor’s or master’s degree in social work. Methods of data analysis. The researchers used the statistical program for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were calculated on demographic information. A chi-square analysis was used to determine if there were any statistical relationships between social workers who agreed and those who disagreed with PAS by whether they had universal courses, additional training, and knowledge of the PAS law of South Carolina. Data collection techniques. Participant’s recruitment occurred at three separate workshops on suicide. As attendees enter the workshop a questionnaire was administrated to ninety-eight participants. Summary of study findings. The author’s of this article had the following major findings: (a) that social workers in South Carolina are evenly divided about who supported PAS and who did not support it. (b) circumstances under PAS would be favored for reasons other than terminal illness, were two-thirds agreed with PAS if a person had terminal illness, compared with thirty-seven percentage. (c) majority of respondents stated that they had taken university courses or had additional training in the field of mental health, ethics and suicide. Relevance of the article to social work profession. Resolving ethical problems. The authors suggest obtaining information from social worker who works with a broad spectrum of clients would help in formulating policy. Since PAS and legacy of PAS are applicable to all populations. The authors in the article also suggest that legislation should set up some type of ethical practice by requiring that social workers be licensed in one of the three levels. And social workers only should practice in areas in which they have expertise and license in. Benefits of the article to social workers. The social workers may benefits from this article because it makes them more aware about PAS. It also benefits by informing social workers of the accountability of their action when assist clients and their families who request information about PAS. The article helps social workers want to get more inform about the policies related to PAS and how it would affect them has social workers. The article gave them a broader view of end of life decision from the narrow biomedical and single focus on self-determination to one that incorporates the core value of human rights. Critique and Personal Opinions. Critique. The article was relevant to social work practice. The article focused on the issues that needed to be address toward social workers roles in PAS. The authors identify the ethical dilemmas that social workers have been avoiding conflicts in the view of PAS. The research that was conducted was limited due to the fact of its small sample size, but the results of it confirm the need for more extensive research in the area of social work with PAS. Personal opinions. In my opinion I would have liked for the study to have been broader in their selection of participants. I think that there should have been a state wide study done. South Caroline shouldn’t have been the only sate involved in their study. I believe if they had more statistics it would have capture a broader view of what they were trying to get cross. I wonder if they had given the questionnaires at the end of the workshop they would have gotten a better response in data. Improving the study. In order to improve the study what would have been done differently? I think I would have included more workshops of suicide to pull more research from the study. The study was conducted with limitations in it. Those limitations of study did affect the calculation and results of the study. I would have liked the authors to have gone farther into the dilemmas that social workers have with avoidance of conflict. Conclusion. The article included valuable but limited information. The authors of this wanted to focus on the ethical dilemma that surrounded social workers with (PAS). The authors study did point out issues that needed to be address to help social worker want to make better ethical decision when it comes to dealing with end of life decision. This decision should be consistence with social worker values of protection of vulnerable populations in today’s society. The study also identifies the need for NASW to disseminate its professional policy statement to the profession and to broaden their views of end of life decision. I believe this is a great start that the authors brought forth in helping social workers down the path to end the ethical dilemma presented toward PAS. References (Ameda A. Manetta and Jancie G. Wells, 2001) How to cite Ethical Issues in the Social Worker’s Roles in Pas, Papers

s Character

of pastors such as Jonathan Edwards are gone, and most people rationalize away God’s wrath by saying that if God is truly holy, then his mercy will overshadow his justness. R.C. Sproul suggests differently saying, â€Å"If God is holy at all, if God has an ounce of j... 's Character Free Essays on God\'s Character Ever since God’s relationship with man was twisted by the fall of Adam and Eve, people who believe in God have been trying to create an accurate understanding of what He is really like. Countless books and sermons have tried to portray his character, and there is perhaps no topic that is more widely disputed. God is eternal, omnipresent, wise, all-knowing, powerful, holy, good, sovereign, patient, and the list could go on and on. Although God is unchanging, people’s opinions of Him are constantly shifting, sometimes towards deeper understanding and sometimes towards ignorance. In modern times the thin spectrum of modern US culture that recognizes God emphasizes love but forgets holiness, the reformed circle stresses sovereignty but can downplay immanence, and in my personal life I often find myself paying more attention to God’s goodness and patience but not enough to his omniscience and wisdom. In modern North America, especially the United States, the general community has become wrapped up in political correctness and tolerance. It is becoming increasingly difficult to suggest that God would send someone to hell unless they have led a very sinful life. Most would rather avoid stepping on people’s toes by emphasizing God’s Love. Verses such as John 3:16 and 1 John 4:8 which say, â€Å"For God so loved the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦God is Love.† Are widely known even among non-Christians. It is very true that our God is a God of grace and forgiveness, but one must not forget that He is a holy God as well. God’s holiness and more specifically his justness are forgotten to a frightful degree in today’s day and age. The day in which people heeded the words of pastors such as Jonathan Edwards are gone, and most people rationalize away God’s wrath by saying that if God is truly holy, then his mercy will overshadow his justness. R.C. Sproul suggests differently saying, â€Å"If God is holy at all, if God has an ounce of j...

Natural Beauty Essays

Natural Beauty Essays Natural Beauty Essay Natural Beauty Essay Have you ever looked in the mirror, and never seemed to see yourself as what you consider beautiful? A person is not always considered beautiful for their physical appearance, but for how they truly are from inside. The song Natural Beauty from Immortal Technique is a song that gives a message to all the people out there who feel insecure about themselves. It shows that you Just need to be yourself and everything will go smooth, because if you dont find yourself beautiful, then it would give you a harder time to socialize with friends and you would have the feeling of Ewing uncomfortable. A literary device that the song Natural Beauty has is metaphor, for the fact that all the artist is singing is making a direct comparison with a persons natural beauty and with someones who is fake, as in plastic surgery, or would try to imitate to be someone else who isnt them. Now a days beauty propaganda makes people feel insecure about themselves to the point that they decide to imitate somebody else who isnt them. For example, These magazines got you caught in a hustle (line#26). This quote shows that most magazines show famous people ,and they always look so perfect. This makes some people feel less important or even beautiful, than famous people. In consequences, it makes them want to change who they truly are. Another thing is that all the fans that follow their favorite singer, actor/actress idol or anybody else, makes them want to imitate who they admire. A bio polar society that claims to be righteous spray painting artificial melanin trying to be like us is a quote that meaner that they are people out there that are crazy and would do anything to look how they want to. These people are called fanatics. Fanatics have come to the extreme that they would literally get plastic urges, dye their hair, bleach their skin and imitate every single characteristic of the person they admire. And no matter how much you insist on telling them that what they are doing is wrong, they wont listen and claim that what they are doing is right. The bad side about this is that you have to be yourself in order to live life as you personally would like to live it. Women are usually the ones who tend to be more insecure about their weight, appearances, and dress style. Its pretty surprising with how far woman go to make themselves perfect. Were going backwards, from hip-hop to the park, to the experiments by DRP. Kenneth Clark The singer is trying to give a brief explanation to how back in the days there would be people having fin in the park, dancing, and enjoying life. But now all people do is let doctors experiment our bodies. They experiment with our bodies by giving us implants or liposuction, when all you need to do is go out to the gym and work out to have your dream body in a healthy way. These surgeries besides from costing hundreds of dollars, can lead to horrific consequences like pain, infections, allergic reactions, nausea and vomiting. Got you brain washed to the point your bleaching your skin (line#9). Now this quote says something really strong. Your skin color is one of the things youre supposed to be restless severe actions then they seriously need some therapy help, for the fact that you have to stay strong and always love who you truly are. Society makes people change how they look for they can fit in as in make friends or get attention. Now who got the collagen under they lipstick, Arabic hips, surgical sickness This shows that some woman are obsessed to look good that they get a shot called collagen. This is Just a shot that goes on your lips and makes them look fuller. By Arabic hips they mean those implants that fix your hips and butt. This quote emphasizes what women are whiling to do with their bodies to Just get attention by telling everyone that they got plastic surgery too. And if you healthy they make you think youre a manatee. What Immortal Technique mean by they is media, magazines, and maybe those people that are really close to you. They dont mean it in the way that they tell you directly, but in the way that makes you have low esteem and to the point which make you seem fat when youre really not. This matters because youre not supposed to let nobody or anything bring you down. Only you can decide if you w ant to change who you are. No matter what people say, youre beautiful. With a skinny white woman image that the media and specifically the fashion industry pushes upon us, its easy to forget the truth, that real beauty comes with in. You are naturally beautiful and you must always remember that. The beauty industry makes a lot of money off an unrealistic beauty ideal. An ideal that can only be used by purchasing products and getting expensive surgery. They make you hate yourself and the way you look, and therefore it benefits your scars..

The Ethics for and Against Pet Ownership

The Ethics for and Against Pet Ownership Because of pet overpopulation, just about all animal welfare activists would probably agree that we should spay and neuter our cats and dogs. But there would be some disagreement if you were to ask whether we should breed cats and dogs if all the shelters were empty and there were good, loving homes available. Animal industries such as the fur industry and factory farms try to discredit animal protection groups by claiming that activists want to take people’s pets away. While some animal rights activists do not believe in keeping pets, we can assure you that no one wants to take your dog away from you - as long as youre treating it well. Arguments for Pet Ownership Many people consider their pets to be members of the family and thus treat them with love and respect. Oftentimes, this feeling appears to be mutual, as dog and cat pets seek out their owners to play, pet or invite them into their laps. These animals provide unconditional love and devotion - to deny them and us this relationship seems unthinkable to some. Also, keeping pets is a much more humane way for them to live as opposed to  factory farms, animal testing labs or circuses use and abuse the animals. However, thanks to regulations passed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture like the Animal Welfare Act of 1966, even these animals are entitled to a basic quality of life as sentient beings.   Still, even the Humane Society of the United States argues that we should keep our pets - according to one official statement pets are creatures with whom we share a world, and we rejoice in their companionship; you dont have to anthropomorphize to recognize that the feelings are returned...let us be close and cherish each other always.   The vast majority of animal activists advocate spaying and neutering. However, most will say that the reason is the millions of cats and dogs who are killed in shelters every year, as opposed to any basic opposition to the keeping of pets. Arguments Against Pet Ownership On the other side of the spectrum, some animal activists argue that we should not keep or breed pets regardless of whether we have an overpopulation problem - there are two basic arguments that support these claims. One argument is that cats, dogs, and other pets suffer too much at our hands. Theoretically, we may be able to provide good homes for our pets, and many of us do. However, in the real world, animals suffer abandonment, cruelty, and neglect. Another argument is that even on a theoretical level, the relationship is inherently flawed and we are unable to provide the full lives that these animals deserve. Because they are bred to be dependent on us, the basic relationship between humans and companion animals is flawed because of the difference in power. A sort of Stockholm syndrome, this relationship forces animals to love their owners in order to get affection and food, oftentimes neglecting their animal nature to do so. The animals rights activist group People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) opposes keeping pets, partially for this reason. An official statement on their website states that animals lives are restricted to human homes where they must obey commands and can only eat, drink and even urinate when humans allow them to. It then goes on to list common mistreatments of these house pets including declawing cats, not cleaning litter boxes and scolding any creature to get off the furniture or hurry up on its walk. A Happy Pet Is a Good Pet to Have The opposition to keeping pets must be distinguished from a call to release domesticated animals. They are dependent on us for their survival and it would be cruel to turn them loose on the streets or in the wilderness. The position must also be distinguished from any desire to take anyone’s dogs and cats away. We have a duty to take care of the animals who are already here, and the best place for them is with their loving and caring human guardians. This is why animal rights activists who oppose keeping pets might have rescued pets themselves. Activists who oppose keeping pets believe that domestic animals should not be allowed to breed. The animals who are already here should live long, healthy lives, cared for with love and respect by their human guardians. As long as the pet is happy and lives a life of love without undue suffering, for most people, animal rights and welfare activists alike, pets are definitely fine to have!

Effective Anti-Racist Guidelines in the British Education System Literature review

Effective Anti-Racist Guidelines in the British Education System - Literature review Example In this literature review, a brief description of the notion of race, ethnicity, and faith, as well as the distinctions among them, will be discussed. The concept of ‘ethnicity’ is quite new. Before the 1970s there was hardly any discussion of it in anthropology works and literature, even a mention of its definition (Faas 2010). Prior to the Second World War, the word ‘tribe’ was the chosen word for ‘primitive’ societies and the word ‘race’ for contemporary societies (May 1999). Because of the strong connection between the ideology of the Nazis and the concept of ‘race’, the word ‘ethnicity’ eventually succeeded ‘race’ in Europe and the United States (Spalek 2007). The discourse on ethnicity is confounded by a diversity of associated concepts applied to distinguish comparable trends, like the nation, race, minority, and tribe. Several researchers and scholars apply these concepts synonymously w hile others use them as distinct terms (Spalek 2007). Nevertheless, the connection between race and ethnicity is complicated. Even though there is much continuity they are different notions. For instance, Pierre van den Berghe defines the term ‘race’ as a specific classification of ethnicity that makes use of genetic attributes as an indicator of ethnicity (Cashmore & Jennings 2002, 122). Although the connection between the two notions is more complicated than the above definition, his description is quite accurate (p. 122). British scholars normally exclusively attribute ethnicity to minority groups.

Women and Politics. Today's Women Role in Politics Compare to Essay

Women and Politics. Today's Women Role in Politics Compare to Aristotle View - Essay Example The male counterparts are agreeing to the voice of women and presence in politics. This is due to globalization that currently is eroding former and ancient barbaric cultures that restrained women to the homestead confinements. Generally, the perception of politics and women by Aristotle is remarkably diverse from the current elites who are encouraging women emancipation from male and obsolete cultures (Gurirab). This encompasses women attaining allowance to contend for various posts in politics, which is contrary to Aristotle’s view. Aristotle maintained that the only befitting place for a woman was in the homestead confinements and not in public where men exercised their superiority granted by nature. According to Aristotle’s perception, women lack a place in public and especially in politics, since they are supposed to be at home  caring the household and what the husband possess’. Currently, women have surpassed men in politics by emerging as excellent thro ugh their leadership skills and organization (Adams 342). May be this is out of their natures ability to multitask which was not recognized before by society, which held them in low esteem. The today’s public is acknowledging the presence of women in politics and preferring them especially in the developed states (Dufour & Isabelle 1167). This emanates from the civic education, which encourages females to venture in politics plus the rights that elevate the woman. For instance, Pratibha Devisingh Patil, India’s 12Th leader and first lady to lead government after Abdul Kalam,four years currently. Women have contributed immensely in political and economical advancement, which has paved more emergency of women in high offices (Mandakini et al 20). China’s 200 women hold senior positions in both research and politics, where in 2001 endorsed women state leaders. This exemplifies how women in today’s politics have performed a key role to the extent of winning t heir counterparts trust while in top seats. Aristotle’s argument regarding woman in politics and her role are quite diverse from what the current woman is doing. He states that woman â€Å"lacks authority†, though in his debate does no expound he implied (Clayton). However, from the former perception and placement he held towards women, this implied that women were inferior to men. Hence, woman lacks the necessary assertiveness to incline men undertake certain responsibilities. His conclusion to low esteem of females might have emanated from the Greeks perception held against women; where at 13 years girls were already wives (Newman 46). This deprived women chance in education and made them not having adequate knowledge that will catapult them in the political arena. The lack of adequate education and knowledge made woman still belief that she was inferior and cannot do anything without the husband's consent. Aristotle defines the liaison amid the husband and the wife closely as that of master and slave (Ford 9). Here, the woman has to incline at husband’s command together with the small girls in his house. Mainly, the woman’s role was home-based in ensuring the man was happy together with the children. Aristotle’s argument finds support from the Greek barbarians who still held similar outlook (Aristotle 17). However, the barbarians blame Aristotle for not distinguishing clearly amid slave and the woman. Since, he sometimes contradicts himself when he states that; â€Å"for any state to experience happiness, the woman must be happy.† This brings confusion regarding what is the exact relationship amid the couples and what level of education Aristotle proposed for women (Aristotle 17 -25). Since, this issue tends to shun what women leaders currently are

Organised Crime Affecting The United Kingdom Essay

Organised Crime Affecting The United Kingdom Essay In order to assess the extent to which organised crime is affecting the UK one must first try to define the term itself. A recent definition by Interpol describes it as Any group having a corporate structure whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities, often surviving on fear and corruption  [1]  . UK based SOCA simply states that Organised crime covers a very wide range of activity and individuals involved in a number of crime sectors. The most damaging sectors to the UK are judged to be trafficking of Class A drugs, organised immigration crime and fraud. In addition, there is a wide range of other threats, including high-tech crime, counterfeiting, the use of firearms by serious criminals, serious robbery, organised vehicle crime, cultural property crime and others.  [2]  There are many terms brandished about for organised crime and it is difficult to come up with one definition, therefore, this makes it difficult to also assess what is being tackl ed as far as the UK in concerned. As the SOCA definition above shows there are many different types of crimes which can be called organised crime so therefore in order to assess of how there being tackled one will need to assess them individually, for the purposes of this essay one will focus on Trafficking i.e. drugs and how money laundering is being dealt with in the UK as a big part of organised crime are its proceeds. Organised crime generates a huge income and as crime becomes more globalised and so revenue generated from it increases more and more every day. Profits are usually in the form of cash so therefore need to be disguised in a way to blend into the banking system. The ultimate aim of the money laundering is to get the proceeds of the crime into the financial world legitimately, so the criminals can benefit from it and not get caught. The process is long and complicated as the cash has to moved several times in order to cover its tracks. Different routes the money might take are being transferred in between various different accounts and through front companies which are set up to disguise the illegitimate profits in a legal business form, this process is repeated many times until the criminals can extract their profits legitimately. There are three stages to money laundering, firstly placement, whereby the illegitimate profit is put into the banking system, followed by layering, where t he cash is passed through many different areas in order to perplex its origins, and the final step is integration, where the cash is put through legitimate companies and accounts. Money laundering in the UK is a criminal offence, and as such, any person involved in any known or suspected money laundering activity risks a criminal conviction carrying a jail term of up to 14 years. It is significant that even innocent involvement on the part of professionals such as bankers and lawyers can provoke a criminal charge. Money laundering is an offence covered by many different parts of legislation United Kingdom and can be found in statutes such as the Criminal Justice Act 1988 (as amended), and the Terrorism Act 2000 (as amended). The most significant change made by these two pieces of legislation is that they enforce two new obligations to create Suspicious Transaction Reports. The legislation, then, increases the responsibility on professionals dealing with big financial business of any kind to be cautious in detecting suspicious transactions, and this in effect helps find criminals when such occasions do arise, so, in essence, this is an example of the UK successfully implementing legislation in order to tackle organised crime . This attack on money laundering is huge part of tackling organised crime as it is suggested that the economic and social impact of organised crime in the UK is staggering and statistics show that global profits from people smuggling are estimated to be $10 billion annuall y, 280,000 problem drug users cause half of all crime, every  £1 spent on heroin is estimated to generate about  £4 of damage to the national economy and there are around 400 organised crime bosses in the UK with an amassed criminal wealth of approximately  £440 million.  [3]  The economic and social cost of organised crime is estimated to be in the region of  £20 to  £40 billion per year. The role of recovering criminal assets fell upon the Assets Recovery Agency which was set up under the Proceeds of Crime act 2002 and played an important part in the governments plans to seize the profit out of crime, and separate and prevent the criminal organizations from continuing with their activities by removing the money which motivates their activities and their major source of income  [4]   The Assets Recovery Agency had three strategic aims to disrupt organised criminal enterprises through the recovery of criminal assets, thereby alleviating the effect of crime on communities, to promote the use of financial investigation as an integral part of criminal investigation, within and outside the Agency, domestically and internationally, through training and continuing professional development and to operate the agency in accordance with its vision and values.  [5]   The UK is a founding member of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), established in 1989 to develop global measures to prevent money laundering. The FATF has 40 recommendations, engineered to combat money laundering and create the best resources to do so internationally. UK money laundering experts regularly participate in FATF mutual evaluations of its members, showing that the UKs initiatives against money laundering are strong as not only are they tackling the issue internally but are looking at the international impact money laundering has. On the 1st April 2008 the Assets Recovery Agency merged with the Serious Organised Crime Agency. Commenting on the merger Hughes, of SOCA said we are gaining important skills and expertise with the arrival of Assets Recovery Agency staff and we welcome them into SOCA. Now that the merger has taken place we will get on with the job that parliament want us to do, namely depriving crooks of their ill-gotten gains  [6]. In support of this the Home Office minister Coaker said that assets recovery is critical in the fight against all levels of crime and we are determined to stop criminals profiting from crimes which affect the lives of law-abiding majority.  [7]  Adding to this Goggins, said this merger will strengthen the fight against crime in Northern Ireland as it combines the intelligence expertise of SOCA with the hands-on practical experience of ARA. This combination will make the recovery of assets even more effective and strengthen our fight against those who profit from org anised crime.  [8]  This important merger highlights the steps in the UK have taken to try to successfully tackle aspects of organised crime, by merging together these two organisations it showed that the UK has acknowledged the fact the money laundering linked with organised crime is a very serious issue that needs to be dealt with. A further offence as introduced in the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 and the Terrorism Act 2000 which states the offence of failure to report. This occurs where the person suspects that another person is involved in laundering the proceeds of drug trafficking or terrorism, and fails to report it. In the case of the Terrorism Act 2000, this offence is broadened to those who have reasonable grounds for knowing or suspecting. These statutory offences have amplified the range of money laundering offences within the UK legislation, and have similarly enlarged the mandatory degree of vigilance on financial professionals. By increasing the legislation to include those or may not even be involved directly in the crime or its proceeds it eliminates any sort chains there may in a particular organised crime groups structure. This offence highlighted is very similar to offences laid out in the USs Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) whereby prosecutors could arrest group leaders ba sed on the activities of those who worked with them. This shows another way in which the Uk is successfully trying to tackle the issue by looking at all aspects of weakening organised crime. Overall the legislation on tackling money laundering is effective, with agencies such as SOCA recognising its importance Money is at the heart of all organised crime. The lifestyle and status it brings are the main motivation for most criminals.  [9]. SOCA states that it is determined to ensure that criminals cant enjoy their profits  [10]. According to the report released by SOCA 2009/10  £317.5 million was seized from organised crimes groups in the UK. A recent example of SOCA in action in April 2011 where SOCA was granted the Confiscation Order in Leeds Crown Court for  £933,422 against Paul Anthony Romano Morgan from Leeds  [11], this is a significant achievement for the UK in tackling the issue of organised crime. In order for the UK to continue being protected the effects of money laundering, authorities, however, must work stronger at identifying criminals that are still accessing the financial system. Only by using more advanced method will criminals and money launderers become more hesitant. Professor Bill Gilmore stated: for the first time, to take co-ordinated and effective worldwide action to undermine the financial power of drug trafficking networks and other criminal organisations, is now in sight if not, as yet, fully within our reach.  [12]  Highlighting there is still room for the UK to improve to completely eradicate organised crime. One of the most threatening of activities undertaken by organised crimes groups is the trafficking of illegal narcotics. The drug trade has the capability to infiltrate all aspects of society and can threaten the social, political and economic security of any nation, so it is not surprising that it is becoming an increasing issue in the UK. The impact of the drug trade may not necessarily be the most threatening to social security, but it is probably the most threatening to the people of the country. The problems with drug trafficking are not simply mattered of criminal activities taking place but what the drugs trafficked into the country are causing, such as addiction and furthermore diseases being spread through improper use and then furthermore the crime associated with drug abuse as more and more people depends on these trafficked narcotics. McFarlane points to another interesting threat which may emerge from an increase in crime: Furthermore, with increasing crime, a free press and civil rights tend to be ignored both by the criminals and by the hard-pressed law enforcement agencies.  [13]  The threat that drug trafficking brings is potentially very large and is affecting the economic stability of the UK and therefore has become a focus of major law enforcement to tackle and one will now review on whether atte mpts to combat drug trafficking have been successful. The Serious Organised Crime Organisation (SOCA), takes a role in the gathering of information about major drug syndicates that control the UK drug trafficking scene. Created in 2007, SOCA is responsible for the collection, analysis, research and dissemination of intelligence relating to major criminals involved in serious crime, including the distribution and trafficking of drugs.  [14]  And in the Annual SOCA Plan 2010/2011 they mention that Class A drugs, poses the greatest single threat  [15]  showing that they realise that it is a serious target to be dealt with. SOCA has been working heavily on tackling drug trafficking with a recent case in again in April 2011 highlighting the capture and trial of one of SOCAs most-wanted, Edward Morton, who went on the run for more than three years,and has been sentenced to 24 years in prison for his part in a organised crime group which trafficked illegal narcotics worth millions of pounds into the UK. SOCAs Gerry Smyth said: This ope ration succeeded in breaking up highly organised professional drugs trafficking gang who brought large quantities of controlled drugs onto the streets of the North East of England. Morton tried to evade justice by hiding in Amsterdam. He failed. SOCA and its national and international partners are determined to bring fugitives back to the UK courts to face justice.  [16]  , this highlights SOCA and UKs enthusiasm on working with international organisation to tackle the problem, which is a positive factor as most drugs are trafficked into the country so therefore it is not enough to tackle the issue internally and from this case we can see the UK has picked up on this and is using this to tackle organised crime successfully. Important organisations that help deal with the international aspect of the problem is HM Customs and Excise National Investigation Service. There are two principal aspects of Customs control for drugs. The first is preventive control at ports and airports and through coastal surveillance. The second is specialist investigations based on information and intelligence gathered from various sources at home and overseas, designed to anticipate and intercept consignments of drugs and arrest the organisers of smuggling attempts.  [17]  With this work continuing it will add the to work with other agencies such as SOCA to deter drug traffickers in the UK. However one may note that the HM customs side of operations does need substantial improvement if today the figure of the profits of drugs being trafficked into the country remains at a staggering 4-6.6 billion a year, this emphasises aspects of the UK operations that needs to be improved in order to tackle organised crime successfully. In fulfilling its aims, the UK works as a partner or member in a number of leading international organisations, The UK is part of United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP), formed in 1991, which acts as the focal point in the United Nations for international support and battle against drugs. The UK is also an active member of the Dublin Group, which merges the EU and other countries to bring together individual country policies and give assistance to source country of the illegal narcotics. Many actions have been implemented throughout local Dublin Groups to ensure more commitment from national governments in assisting producer countries but also assistance from the actual source countries themselves in order to successfully tackle organised crime. In particular, the UK plays an important role in the 1988 UN Drugs Convention, which provides a broad framework for intercontinental cooperation against drug trafficking. The UK ratified the Convention in June 1991, extending it to UK Dependent Territories. The UK participates in the G8 Group on Transnational Organised Crime (TOC) following the G7/8 Halifax Summit in 1995. The groups objective was to recognise gaps in intercontinental cooperation against TOC and put forward realistic actions for improvement. All of these movements and actions were taken by the UK show their intent on successfully tackling drug trafficking and in essence organised crime as they have again acknowledged that the problem is not entirely internal and international aid needed to be addressed as most organised crime groups have a non-British ethnicity and in order to administer actions against them and to deter them in it important that the UK seek support of source countries and on reflection it seems that they have done this successfully. There are other arguments that state that the UK cannot tackle the issue of drug trafficking alone simply but regret the source or even the supply, some may argue that present legislation needs to be revisited and weaknesses in it need to be addressed, Steve Rolles of Transform Drug Policy said When prohibition of something collides with huge demand for it, you just create an economic opportunity and illegal criminal entrepreneurs will inevitably exploit the opportunity that it creates  [18]  Lord Mancroft agreed by stating We have controlled drugs in this country but you only have to walk a mile of this palace to realise that the controls do not work, because anywhere on the streets of London you can buy any of these drugs The way forward is a range somewhere from the way we control alcohol or indeed the most dangerous object in our everyday lives, the motorcar. If you go outside in the street and step in front of a moving motor car you will find out how dangerous it is, so what do we do? We do not prohibit it. We license the vehicle, we license the users, we made them pass a test, we make them have insurance so if they damage anybody they have to pay up, we tell them how fast they can use it, on which side of the road. That is control.  [19]   However to argue in favour of what is already being done and its benefits and arguing against controlling drugs trade Professor Strang of the National Addiction Centre told states, There is no question that the illegality of a substance is a major deterrent to its useà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦one would have to presume that if legal constraints were taken away the level of use would almost certainly increase  [20]  , these two arguments highlight different approaches the UK can implement the second being what is being actioned now, however despite how drastic the first argument that Rolles and Mancroft mat be one may have to consider its possible effectiveness in aiding the UKs campaign in tackling organised crime, by eliminating the opportunity for organised crime groups. To conclude is seems on a whole the UK is successfully trying to tackle organised crime, but there are some hole so to speak and from looking at SOCA Annual report 2010/11 one can see that the UKs weakness when it comes to tackling organised crime is its understanding of the inner workings of an organised crime group, Organised crime is identified in the National Security Strategy as a major threat to the UK. Broad estimates value the economic and social costs to the UK, including the costs of combating it, at between  £20 billion and  £40 billion a year. Whilst the understanding of organised crime is becoming clearer year on year, there are however still gaps. To be successful in reducing the harm caused by organised crime it is essential that efforts to combat it are well-directed. This requires investment in developing knowledge and understanding of the threats and of those responsible for them. The harm to the UK comes in particular from a large number of individuals and grou ps operating in tactically astute ways, in response to this the UK has recognised that it needs to improve and will do so by bringing together a wide range of departments and agencies, each with specialist skills and powers  [21]  but whether or not this proves to be successful is yet to be seen. However, in 2010, the Home Office published an evaluation named Drugs Value for Money Review. It pointed out that there was a lack of factual data being collected by the government on the effectiveness of its drug policy against the trafficking of drugs it stated that policies to reduce the availability of drugs produced the greatest analytical challenge. The absence of robust and recognised measures of success, combined with a limited base of research evidence, makes it particularly difficult to draw conclusions about supply-side policy.  [22], so this reiterates the point that in order for the UK to successfully tackle organised crime it needs to put more effort into its research in order to create a higher intelligence to what they are actually trying to tackle.

Ethical Aspects of Marketing - 1455 Words

Ethical Aspects of Marketing Developing a Business Plan August 4, 2009 Ethical Aspects of Marketing Executive Summary This report outlines the social, ethical and legal aspects of marketing. Environmentally Responsible Products Consumers have become more aware of the impact of both production and consumption on the wider environment in recent years. This is acutely apparent in the way products are now packaged. During recent years many companies have assisted in doing their part for the environment by changing their packaging to make it more environmentally responsible. An example of this is McDonalds Family Restaurant phasing out polystyrene burger containers with recyclable paper. McDonalds’ management discovered the potential†¦show more content†¦This case established that the manufacturer of a product has a â€Å"duty of care† to the final consumer, even though they may never come in direct contact with each other. An example of this is HarbourJet Jet-boat Cruises – providing jet boat cruises around the Sydney Harbour. While all care is taken that passengers of the boat are not injured, if an injury occurs it is the customer’s problem unless the driver has been negligent (eg by exceeding speed limits or dangerous driving). When customers buy their tickets one of the contract conditions is that no legal action is to be taken unless there has been an element of negligence on the part of the company. Legislation has been passed in New South Wales in the form of the Sale of Goods Act 1923. Another statute law which governs what suppliers of products can and cannot do is the federal Trade Practices Act 1974, both of which have been extensively amended since first enacted. 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Financial Position Of Chevron Corporation In Prospects Relating To Their Liquidity Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1820 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In this report, I revised the financial position of Chevron Corporation in prospects relating to their liquidity, profitability, efficiency and financial stability. In order to arrive at a decision, I collected Chevrons key financial ratios and used it as a tool to conduct a thorough research. The calculations are showed in this report but sources are referenced to appendices. The results the analysis carried out show that the overall comparative performance of Chevron Corporation to ExxonMobil goes a little above average over 3 financial years but also requires reconstruction in areas like their liquidation and increasing inventory levels. Noting the inelasticity in the energy sector, Chevron was also affected by various economic factors which contributed to their performances. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Financial Position Of Chevron Corporation In Prospects Relating To Their Liquidity Finance Essay" essay for you Create order HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The ideas of many small business entrepreneurs vary upon their respective objectives but regardless of their goals, they share a single desire success. In the 19th century, an idea was incorporated by the undeterred pioneers Demetrius Scofield and Frederick Taylor in the name of Pacific Coast Oil Company following an oil discovery in Los Angeles, U.S.A. and has been the oldest predecessor of what is identified today as Chevron Corporation. A significant gap from 1879 2010 can only translate success within the organization and to quantify their progress is to say Chevron Corporation has a brilliant corporate strategy and is deeply invested in corporate virtues which over the years has benefited their customers and communities around the globe. Recalling the adventures in the early 1990s across America with increased competition in the petrochemical market and the acquisition of Pacific coast Oil Company by Standard Oil Corporation after lacking potential marketing savvy. They decided to shift their interest to regions that had no history of discoveries Saudi Arabia. Before they were given exploration rights in the region in 1932, Standard Oil Corporation (Socal) had embarked on a quest for oil in other geographical regions like the Philippines and Alaska but proved elusive until 1938 when they made their first international oil discovery in a remote area in Saudi Arabia. During the happy years of the 1950s the worlds largest oil field in Ghawar, Saudi Arabia was discovered by Socal. With series of events that have occurred in over a century, Chevron Corporation has dramatically penetrated many markets with operations in over 100 countries, diversified to be the world leading geothermal energy producing company and engages in upstream (exploration and refining) and downstream (distribution marketing) operations and also in aspects relating to energy and its environment. Chevron Corporation has proved to be self sustainable, financially capable to compete in any given situation although rivalled by other petroleum giants like Royal Dutch Shell, ExxonMobil, and British Petroleum (BP). Chevron Richmond refinery was the first and is situated in the city of Richmond, San Francisco bay, California and was operational years before the incorporation of the city in 1905. As the years progressed, other refineries were opened in El Segundo in California, Pascagoula in Mississippi and Yeosu in South Korea. These refineries have created many job opportunities for different cultural backgrounds over the years. Chevron Headquarters was previously located in San Francisco but later moved to San Ramon, California after being sold in 1999. ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL With the information from Chevrons 3 years financial report, I was able to produce key financial ratios that are significant to the organization. The tables and charts below will assist in translating the meaning of these ratios and a description of the ratios effect within the organization is also expressed. Basically, the first ratio which is identified is the liquidity ratio which demonstrates the ability of the organization to meet its short term debt obligation by converting asset to cash. By reading this section of this report, you will comprehensive understanding of Chevrons financial position. Liquidity Ratios millions 2009 $ 2008 $ 2007 $ Current Ratio = Current Asset/ Current Liabilities 37216/26211 = 1.4 36470/32023 = 1.1 39377/33798 = 1.2 Quick Ratio = Current Asset Inventories / Current Liabilities 37216 5529/ 26211 = 1.2 36470 6854/ 32023 = 0.9 39377 5310/ 33798 = 1.0 From an analytical point of view and noting the volatility in the liquidity ratios, some of the figures on the table above can be regarded acceptable given that Chevron demonstrates the ability in settling its short-term obligations. However, with critical analysis, it will show that the current ratio of 2008 particularly had an adverse affect because their inventories which are usually valued at a LIFO basis (Last In, First Out) took a capital loss. Inflation was an essential factor that contributed to what would have been a tax advantage to tax liability. Therefore, the applied LIFO liquidation method suffered during this period (old inventories was sold at the current price), ensuing the replacement cost to be greater than the inventory. Similar deficits occurred in 2009 but not as critical as the years before. In a more conservative approach, Chevrons 2008 quick ratio is quite revealing in interpreting their dependency on their inventory. There was declination of current asset in 2008 compared with 2007 (See Appendix 2). To stringently determine the liquidity of Chevron we need to review both liquidity ratios and observe the time interval of the conversion of capital assets to cash. Figure 1.0 Comparative Liquidity Ratio There are significant differences between the current ratio of Chevron and its competitors e.g. ExxonMobil and BP. ExxonMobil steals a 1.47 current ratio in 2007 and maintains the same figure in the following year but drops at 2009 to ~1.1 while BP had a 1.04 in 2007, declined to 0.95 in 2008 as a result of their current liabilities exceeding their current asset but recovered in 2009 with a 1.14. By average performance, ExxonMobil would appear to have better liquidity management over the 3 financial years. In terms of feasibility, Chevron compared with the other competitors, has a higher tendency to reach a target current ratio above 2.0 in the next 3 financial years because of the recent surge in demand of inventories across the market (WikiWealth, (2009) Chevron Stock Research Investment News CVX, https://www.wikiwealth.com/research:cvx, October 27, 2010). This will create room for flexibility and responsiveness in debt settlement and other obligations. Profitability Ratios millions 2009 % 2008 % 2007 % Net Profit Margin = Net Income/ Net Sales 10483/171636 = 6.1 23931/273005 = 8.8 18688/220904 = 8.5 Return of Equity = Net Income / Shareholders Equity 10483/91914 = 11.4 23931/86648 = 27.6 18688/77088 = 24.2 Return of Asset = Net Income / total Asset 10483/164621 = 6.4 23931/161165 = 14.8 18688/148786 = 12.6 Chevrons profitability structure is reliant on the earnings of its upstream and downstream business segments which are hung on the changes of oil prices. The profitability ratios of 2007 and 2008 reflect high earning which in return has produced good equity for investors. However, the upstream business segment which is particularly instrumental in generating higher profits than the downstream experienced some cost reduction at the end of 2008, during the wake of the recession; which had an impact on their net profit downsizing the Return of Equity for 2009. Regardless of the fluctuating financial situation, Chevron reported a substantial profit margin which is above industry average following the increase in net income except for 2009 being as a result of cost reduction. The return on asset from 2007 2008 shows how effective they are using their asset, though there was a sharp drop in 2009, it is not very harmful in a long run. For the income statement, see appendix 1. Figure 1.1 Comparative Return of Equity Chart According the chart above, ExxonMobil appears to take the lead from equity returns with a 17.4, 38.5 and 33.4 in 2009, 2008 and 2007 respectively whereas Chevron reported a 11.4, 27.6 and 24.2 in 2009, 2008 and 2007 respectively but for long term investment in the oil sector, Chevron would be a better option because ExxonMobil will have huge deficits from their incurring debts which will probably feed on their assets. Operational Efficiency Ratios millions 2009 % 2008 % 2007 % Asset turnover = Net Sales / Average total asset 171636 / 82310 = 2.1 273005/80582 = 3.4 220904/ 74393 = 2.9 Inventory turnover = Sales / Inventory 171636/5529 = 31.04 273005/6854 = 39.83 220904/5310 = 41.60 Evaluating Chevrons inventory turnover for these 3 consecutive years has proved tricky. In 2007 and 2008, the sales and orders that had to be met was relatively high which in return produced sharp profit but in 2009, Chevron incautiously increased their inventory without corresponding with the demand and that had an effect on the profitability. The cost of storing these inventories was a contributing factor. With relationship to their asset turnover, revenues were not generated as expected since they were dependent on their inventories. We should not be pessimistic because it is very typical in the industry as oil prices were hiked. I assume Chevron did nott take into account the recession effect on consumers although oil is a dominant commodity it is not immune to recession. Figure 2.0 Comparative Inventory Turnover Ratios ExxonMobil scored a 26, 39 and 35 for 2009, 2008 and 2007 respectively proving that Chevron has a better inventory turnover and would not necessarily need to deplete its existing inventory to match its competitor but rather ExxonMobil will subjectively have to improve. Leverage Ratios millions 2009 $ 2008 $ 2007 $ Debt to Equity Ratio= Total liabilities / Shareholders Equity 72707/91914 = 0.79 74517/86648 = 0.85 71698/77088 = 0.93 Interest coverage ratio = EBIT / Interest Expense 18556000/28000 = 662.7 N/A 32440000/166000 = 195.4 In order to arrest debts, a decrease in Chevron D/E ratio subsequently from 2007 conveys that financial activity by investors is relatively proportional with the liabilities of the company. Funding with debts is not particularly harmful because it increases shareholders returns. In this case the stockholders have control of the organization. Hypothetically, if the D/E margins went above 1 and maintained that for another 3 consecutive years, the severity of the situation could be identified as a pathway to financial distress. Figure 2.1 Comparative Debts/ Equity Ratio The idea for comparing ratios with industry competitors like ExxonMobil is to measure the growth of Chevron even though ExxonMobil has bigger asset. Here is the interesting part, ExxonMobil showed D/E ratio of 0.98, 1.01 and 1.1 for 2007, 2008 and 2009 respectively. This is as a result of using total shareholders equity to fund operations and this reduced equity returns and shoots liabilities. COMPARATIVE SUMMARY ENTERPRISE VALUE Company Revenue EBIT Depreciation Amortization EBIT Chevron 1.0x 5.5x 9.1x Exxon Mobil 1.0x 6.8x 9.1x Industry Average Value is 1.0x, 5.4x, 8.6 respectively Margin of Safety/ EV Potential Increase: Chevron Corporation 28% ExxonMobil 15% Though its notoriously difficult to determine a companys earnings, their margin of safety for investment does not really guarantee returns for investors but creates room for errors by analyst compared to ExxonMobil. CONCLUSION Chevron is known for having a reputable dividend distribution record and its ability to produce excellent returns to its shareholders. Chevron is also known for having an efficient operating model which makes it an attractive asset for long term investment. Judging by Chevrons performance of being able to increase its dividend for 23 consecutive years, ideally investors will continue to display a plausible investment. Chevrons annual turnover for the 3 financial years has been impressive with a market cap of about $168.32B and they have shown effective management of cost. Chevron has good reserves of 3.0 Billion Barrels and a sound financial metrics but from my evaluation, Chevron seems to be lacking in few areas like their liquidity, it was reported that as at 2009, Chevron laid off some workers due to their inability to meet certain obligations. Chevron has a decent financial background and has kept operations at minimal, maybe they need to diversify to areas that are not solely dependent on oil. This will ensure a competitive advantage for them or rather replenish an inventory that will produce attractive financial return for their investment.